Calcaneus is the heel bone which is large and strong and forms the back of the foot. A calcaneus stress fracture is a condition characterized by one or more small breaks in the heel bone. As the name suggests, these types of fractures occur because of repetitive use of the bone for a long period of time. Athletes are more prone to stress fractures as they perform repetitive motions while playing and even exercising.
Just like all fractures, calcaneal fractures also cause intense pain along with difficulties in walking. These fractures don’t often show symptoms in the early stages. Consistent pain while walking is one of the commonest symptoms that may be experienced. In this post, we will have a detailed look at calcaneal stress fractures along with diagnosis & symptoms.
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Difference Between Calcaneal Stress Fracture and Calcaneal Fracture
A calcaneal stress fracture is a tiny crack in the heel bone that occurs because of overuse and repetitive movement of the heel bone.
A calcaneal fracture is when the heel bone breaks because of trauma like an automobile accident.
Who Are More Prone to Calcaneal Stress Fractures?
Men are more prone to calcaneal stress fractures. Athletes who are engaged in sports activities often get fractures in the heel bone. The sports activities may include:
- Basketball
- Soccer
- Long distance running
- Field sports
Besides this, lifestyle factors also contribute to developing stress fractures in the heel bone:
- Tobacco consumption and smoking
- Eating disorder
- Occupational activities putting stress on heels
Symptoms of Calcaneal Fractures
Intense heel pain is the commonest symptom of calcaneal stress fractures. Besides this, other signs and symptoms of the condition include:
- Pain at a specific spot on the heel
- Pain that becomes worse with activity or standing for a long time
- Bruising
- Tenderness or warmth to touch
- Swelling
- Redness on the heel
Diagnosis of Calcaneal Stress Fractures
The diagnosis of the condition requires both physical examination and imaging tests. During the physical examination, the orthopedic specialist will look for visible signs that include swelling, tenderness, and painful spots & movements. Besides this, imaging tests are required to confirm whether there is a fracture or not and its severity. The tests that may be ordered include:
- X-ray examination
- CT scan
- MRI
Treatment of Calcaneal Stress Fractures
Stress fractures often heal with immobilization, application of a cast if required, and the use of a specific boot. Sometimes, the healthcare service provider may suggest the use of a splint. To curb symptoms like pain and swelling, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are prescribed.
Almost all stress fractures in the calcaneal bone heal without any invasive treatment. If we talk about surgery, then it is performed in rare cases.
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